Dial-Up connection: It can be used by organizations to establish connection to the internet. It requires phone line and proper set-up is essential before the communication transaction start. A dial-up connection is the cheapest method of connecting to the internet server and all the usage is charged on the basis of the telephone call and data transfer speed and performance. This method is much safer as compare to other technology because unique IP address provides to every user and every time they can login with a new IP address, so cannot hacking an account. It also provides convenience to user and it can be accessible from anywhere at any time without any interruption. Along with several benefits, some drawbacks of using dial-up connection are lagging behind in speed, unstable dial-u connection, demands a phone line, and many time phone route engaged etc. While many time people who wanted security will always miss it.
Broad band connection: In this WAN technique, connection speed much faster is up to 100 times than dial-up connection and it does not affect the phone line. Users can use same type of telephone line for both voice/fax and data transmission and they does not have to go through the process of dialing up and logging every time. It does not require to a dial an access number and charged based on the connection duration. Broad band provides high internet access with cheap phone services via VoIP technology. The major drawbacks of using broad band connection are high monthly charges against dial-up connection, higher security connection and lack of availability in rural area.
Frame Relay: High performance packet switched WAN protocol offers variety of services to user and organizations including reliable more secure connection and higher degree of reliability. It operates at the physical and data link layer of OSI model and earlier it was designed originally for use across ISDN interfaces but now is using in other network interface also.
ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line: It has unique features as compare to dial-up or ISDN such as faster downloads no needs for a second phone line, high-speed data transfers digitally and simultaneous transformation of data and voice in a quick manner. In this WAN technique, speed of data transfer depends on various factors including equipment used, cabling quality, and spectrum available and end system configuration can also influence its performance. Security is an issue in data transfer process because permanent connection can easily hack by hackers.
ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network: It is a set of communication standards and used for instantaneous digital data transfer related to network like audio and video etc. Basic rate of data transfer is 64 Kbps and 128 Kbps available on demand. Generally it is use for network maintenance and video conferencing (with third party equipment). Some drawbacks of ISDN are more expensive, requires specialized digital devices, cannot make resources on network permanently and email delivery would be slightly more irregular etc.
Multi protocol Layer Switching: It is a traffic engineering mechanism was defined in the mid-90s to replace IP over ATM in the internet backbone. MPLS provides various advantages to organization regarding to improve quality of service and increase reliability of operations in an appropriate manner. It arranges between layer 2 and layer 3. Major benefits of the MPLS are improves packet forwarding, supports QoS and CoS, integrate IP and ATM in a network and builds interoperable networks in a proper way. An additional layer requires in establishing dedicated networks.
Interior and exterior routing protocols-
They are easy to configure and widely used. Strengths of protocols are supports IP and IPX require less CPU than OSPF and use the delay, reliability, bandwidth and load of a link as it’s metric to support a long list of optional features in the better manner.
Cable system: It has several advantages like stability (more consistent service), bundling (save a quite bit of money) and fairly inexpensive etc. Along with the several benefits some issues also associated with it including annoying monopolies, confusing price package and privacy.
Modem: Modem is most useful in connecting LAN with the Internet and its speed depends on cost. It converts Digital signals into Analog signal. However, its speed is slow as compare to hub and lack of traffic maintenance present in device.
3G, 4G and 5G:
• 3G is the successor of the 1G and 2G and expected speeds of it between 600Kbps to 1.4Mbps. It captures the largest coverage area and handles the majority of all data transfers for cellular service providers in an appropriate manner.
• 4G: It is currently in many major metropolitan areas and companies are trying continuously to expand its service in different area of counties. It provides several benefits to user such as multitasking, streaming video or playing games etc.
• 5G: The fifth generation of mobile communication technology and by using it user can simultaneously send and receive information from cell towers.
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